| ISSN: | 1640-1808 |
Z WARSZTATÓW BADAWCZYCH
Migrants’ chances or choices
in a sub-protective welfare regime?
1
Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra
2
Faculty of Economics and CES, University of Coimbra
3
Polytechnic Institute of Leiria and CICS.NOVA
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Corresponding author
Carla Valadas
Centre for Social Studies, Colégio de S. Jerónimo, Largo D. Dinis, Apartado 3087, 3000-995 Coimbra, Portugal; author’s email address: carlavaladas@ces.uc.pt
Centre for Social Studies, Colégio de S. Jerónimo, Largo D. Dinis, Apartado 3087, 3000-995 Coimbra, Portugal; author’s email address: carlavaladas@ces.uc.pt
Pedro Góis
Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, Av. Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal; author’s email address: pedro.gois@uc.pt
Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, Av. Dias da Silva 165, 3004-512 Coimbra, Portugal; author’s email address: pedro.gois@uc.pt
José Carlos Marques
Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, School of Education and Social Sciences, Rua Dr. João Soares, Apartado 4045, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; author’s email address: jose.marques@ipleiria.pt
Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, School of Education and Social Sciences, Rua Dr. João Soares, Apartado 4045, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; author’s email address: jose.marques@ipleiria.pt
Problemy Polityki Społecznej 2018;43:65-83
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Even more intensely since the recession, employment conditions deteriorated, and
welfare systems continued their reforming processes. Southern European countries saw
their labour market situation worsened. Immigrants were one of the social groups more
affected by high unemployment, informal and precarious working conditions. The article
focuses on the main groups of immigrants in Portugal (Brazilians, Ukrainians and Cape
Verdeans). It aims to test if and how, depending on their different forms of insertion
into the labour market and relationship with the social protection system, these groups of immigrants coped with massive unemployment and precarious working conditions in
different ways. According to the country of origin, weak/strong networks, secure/insecure
position at work or personal circumstances, they could either choose to stay, re-emigrate
or return to their origin countries. Empirical analysis is based on focus groups with
unemployed immigrants, an online survey, and statistical data analysis. Findings suggest
that, in a highly segmented labour market, under a weak and fragmented social protection
system, the migrants’ individual decision is induced by the social structure, and not so
much by individual agency.
REFERENCES (43)
1.
Aja, E., Arango, J., Oliver Alonso, J. (eds.) (2009). La inmigración en tiempos de crisis. Barcelona: Edicions Bellaterra.
2.
Arnold, J., Rodrigues, C.F. (2015). Reducing Inequality and Poverty in Portugal. Economics Department Working Papers, no. 1258, p. 1–27. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/officialdo... [access date: 14.12.2018].
3.
Baganha, M.I., Marques, J.C., Góis, P. (2004). The Unforeseen Wave: Migration from Eastern Europe to Portugal. In: M.I. Baganha, M.L. Fonseca (eds.), New Waves: Migration from Eastern to Southern Europe. (23–39). Lisbon: Luso-American Foundation.
4.
Baganha, M.I., Marques, J.C., Góis, P. (2010). Imigração Ucraniana em Portugal e no Sul da Europa: a emergência de uma ou várias comunidades? Lisboa: Alto-Comissariado para a Imigração e Diálogo.
5.
Baldwin-Edwards, M. (1999). Where Free Markets Reign: Aliens in the Twilight Zone. In: M. Baldwin-Edwards, J. Arango (eds.), Immigrants and the Informal Economy in Southern Europe. London: Frank Cass.
6.
Basso, G., Dolls, M., Eichhorst, W., Leoni, T., Peichl, A. (2011). The Effects of the Recent Economic Crisis on Social Protection and Labour Market Arrangements across Socio-Economic Groups. IZA Discussion Paper Series, no. 6080, p. 1–23.
7.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of Capital. In: J.G. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. (241–258). Westport: Greenwood Press.
8.
Carmel, E., Sojka, B., Papież, K. (2016). Free to Move, Right to Work, Entitled to Claim? Governing Social Security Portability for Mobile Europeans. Available at: https://welfarestatefutures.fi... [access date: 30.09.2018].
9.
Carmo, R.M. do, Cantante, F. (2015). Precariedade, desemprego e proteção social. Caminhos para a desigualdade? In: R.M. do Carmo, A.F. da Costa (eds.), Desigualdades em Questão: Análises e Problemáticas. (75–90). Lisboa: Mundos Sociais.
10.
Casaca, S.F., Peixoto, J. (2010). Flessibilità e segmentazione del mercato del lavoro in Portogallo: Genere e immigrazione. Sociologia del Lavoro, no. 117, p. 116–133. DOI: 10.3280/SL2010-117009.
11.
Collett, E. (2011). Immigrant Integration in Europe in a Time of Austerity. Washington: Migration Policy Institute.
12.
Egreja, C., Peixoto, J. (2013). Imigração, flexibilidade e precariedade laboral: o caso dos imigrantes brasileiros em Portugal. Revista Migrações, no. 11, p. 21–56.
13.
Esteves, A., Fonseca, M.L., Malheiros, J. (2017). Labour market integration of immigrants in Portugal in times of austerity: resilience, in situ responses and re-emigration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 44, iss. 14, p. 2375–2391. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2017.1346040.
14.
Ferrera, M. (1996). The ‘Southern Model’ of Welfare in Southern Europe. Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 6, iss. 1, p. 17–37. DOI: 10.1177/095892879600600102.
15.
Ferrera, M. (ed.) (2005). Welfare State Reform in Southern Europe: Fighting Poverty and Social Exclusion in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece. London: Routledge.
16.
Fonseca, L., McGarrigle, J. (2014). Immigration and Policy: New Challenges after the Economic Crisis in Portugal. In: E. Levine, M. Verea (eds.), Impacts of the Recent Economic Crisis (2008–2009) on International Migration. (51–75). Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico.
17.
Fuente, A. de la (2011). New measures of labour market attachment. Eurostat Statistics in Focus. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/d... [access date: 30.06.2018].
18.
Gallie, D., Paugam, S. (eds.) (2000). Welfare Regimes and the Experience of Unemployment in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19.
Góis, P. (2010). Migração temporária e circular em Portugal. Factos, políticas e estratégias. Lisboa: Rede Europeia das Migrações.
20.
Góis, P., Marques, J.C. (2010). Novos Fluxos de Imigração em Portugal: o novo posicionamento de Portugal no sistema migratório Europeu. In: M.I. Baganha, J.C. Marques, P. Góis (eds.), Imigração Ucraniana em Portugal e no Sul da Europa: a emergência de uma ou mais comunidades? (13–23). Lisboa: Alto-Comissariado para a Imigração e Diálogo.
21.
Góis, P., Marques, J.C. (2012). A Emergência das Migrações no Feminino — Feminização das migrações de (e para) Portugal e suas consequências sociopolíticas. Cascais: Principia.
22.
Marques, J.C., Góis, P., Castro, J.M. (2014). Impacto das Políticas de Reagrupamento Familiar em Portugal. Lisboa: Observatório da Imigração.
23.
Martin, C. (2015). Southern Welfare States: Configuration of the Welfare Balance between State and the Family. In: M. Baumeister, R. Sala (eds.), Southern Europe? Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece from the 1950s until the present day. (77–100). Frankfurt: Campus.
24.
Moreira, A., Ángel, A.D., Antunes, C., Karamessini, M., Raitano, M., Glatzer, M. (2015). Austerity-Driven Labour Market Reforms in Southern Europe. European Journal of Social Security, vol. 17, iss. 2, p. 202–225.
25.
Moreno, L., Pino, E. del, Marí-Klose, P., Moreno-Fuentes, F.J. (2014). Los sistemas de bienestar europeos tras la crisis económica. Documento de Estudio, no. 3. Madrid: EuroSocial.
26.
Oliveira, C.R., Gomes, N. (2014). Monitorizar a Integração de Imigrantes em Portugal. Lisboa: Alto Comissariado para as Migrações. Available at: https://www.om.acm.gov.pt/docu... [access date: 14.12.2018].
27.
Oliveira, C.R., Gomes, N. (2017). Indicadores de Integração de Imigrantes. Relatório Estatístico Anual 2017. Relatório Estatístico Anual. Lisboa: Alto Comissariado para as Migrações. Available at: https://www.om.acm.gov.pt/docu... [access date: 14.12.2018]. Panichella, N. (2017). Economic crisis and occupational integration of recent immigrants in Western Europe. International Sociology, vol. 33, iss. 1, p. 1–22. DOI: 10.1177/0268580917742002.
28.
Paugam, S., Zhou, Y. (2007). Job Insecurity. In: D. Gallie (ed.), Employment Regimes and the Quality of Work. (179–203). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
29.
Peixoto, J. (2008). Imigração e mercado de trabalho em Portugal: investigação e tendências recentes. Revista Migrações, no. 2, p. 19–46.
30.
Peixoto, J. (2009). New Migrations in Portugal: Labour Markets, Smuggling and Gender Segmentation. International Migration, vol. 47, iss. 3, p. 185–210. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00528.x.
31.
Peixoto, J. (2013). Imigração, Emprego e Mercado de Trabalho em Portugal: os dilemas do crescimento e o impacto da recessão. In: M.L. Fonseca, P. Góis, J.C. Marques, J. Peixoto (eds.), Migrações na Europa e em Portugal. Ensaios de homenagem a Maria Ioannis Baganha. (159–184). Coimbra: Almedina Atrium Saldanha.
32.
Peixoto, J., Marçalo, C., Tolentino, N. (2011). Imigrantes e Segurança Social em Portugal. Lisboa: Observatório da Imigração.
33.
Peixoto, J., Padilla, B., Marques, J.C., Góis, P. (eds.) (2015). Vagas Atlânticas. Migrações entre Brasil e Portugal no Início do Século XXI. Lisboa: Editora Mundos Sociais.
34.
Piasna, A. (2017). ‘Bad jobs’ recovery? European Job Quality Index 2005–2015. Working Papers 06. Brussels: ETUI. Available at: https://www.etui.org/Publicati... [access date: 10.08.2018].
35.
Ponzo, I., Finotelli, C., Malheiros, J., Fonseca, M.L., Salis, E. (2015). Is the Economic Crisis in Southern Europe Turning Into a Migrant Integration Crisis? Politiche Sociali/ Social Policies, no. 1, p. 57–85. DOI: 10.7389/79535.
36.
Reyneri, E., Fullin, G. (2011). Labour Market Penalties on New Immigrants in New and Old Receiving West European Countries. International Migration, vol. 49, iss. 1, p. 31–57.
37.
Reyntjens, P. (ed.) (2009). Análise dos padrões de migração brasileira e do programa de apoio ao retorno voluntário de Estados- Membros europeus para o Brasil. Relatório de Investigação. Setembro 2007 — Fevereiro 2009. Available at: http://avrr.belgium.iom.int/im... [access date: 30.06.2018].
38.
Sá, F. (2011). Does Employment Protection Help Immigrants? Evidence from European Labor Markets. Labour Economics, no. 18 (5), p. 624–642.
39.
Simões, N., Lopes, H. (2010). Portugal: Control and activation as major policy guidelines. In: F. Lefresne (ed.), Unemployment benefit systems in Europe and North America: Reforms and crisis. Brussels: IRES/ETUI.
40.
Taylor-Goody, P., Leruth, B., Chung, H. (2017). After Austerity: Welfare State Transformation in Europe after the Great Recession. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
41.
Tilly, Ch. (2011). The impact of the economic crisis on international migration: A review. Work, Employment and Society, vol. 25, iss. 4, p. 675–692. DOI: 10.1177/0950017011421799.
42.
Valadas, C. (2017). A Changing Labour Market under the Intensification of Dualization. The Experience of a Southern European Society. Social Policy and Administration, vol. 51, iss. 2, p. 328–347. DOI: 10.1111/spol.12290.
43.
Valadas, C., Góis, P., Marques, J.C. (2014). Quando o Trabalho Desaparece: Imigrantes em Situação de Desemprego em Portugal. Lisboa: Alto Comissariado para as Migrações.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| ISSN: | 1640-1808 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
