In 1990 Esping-Andersen published the „Three worlds of welfare capitalism” since when there has been a heated debate over his typology of welfare states. Although his work is criticised by
many some of the most prominent criticism has come from feminist scholars. Esping-Andersen has been accused of being gender blind. His models are based on the situation of average workers, who
mostly happen to be men. Women are present in the models as long as they stay on the labour market. This suggests that the criteria of decommodification, stratification and relations between state,
market and family are not gender neutral.
Appreciating the analytical potential of the „three worlds” typology feminists argue for a reformulation in ways that allow the inclusion of gender differences. They stress the need to build an
analytical framework that reflects the differences in caring responsibilities between men and women, and show the significance of household production for the welfare of the family.
This article discusses the main issues involved in the above debate in three sections. The first
presents the Esping-Andersen’s models with particular attention paid to the criteria used to construct them. The next section is devoted to fields of feminist critique. The final part presents an overview of the feminists work on constructing models, which are gender sensitive.
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