The objective of the article is to demonstrate the complexity of issues related to the numerous social expectations made of the welfare state and their bilateral and diverse nature, referring to theory and statistical data. Referring to selected solutions already in place and/or currently being implemented within social policy in Poland, in particular, it addresses the opportunities for fulfilling these expectations and the dangers of (not) doing so. Realisation of social expectations brings with it not only specific gains, but also risks when it is not accompanied by active citizenship, free-market mechanisms are weakened, or attachment to social transfers becomes stronger. Furthermore, the selectiveness and ideological nature of awarding them contribute to social divisions and tensions and to distortion of the values that are crucial in social policy. Social security requires the commitment of major resources, long-term and socially determined actions, and usually also their continuation by political opponents. Negotiated and consistently implemented schemes increase social trust and can be evaluated, and their predictability increases citizens’ sense of control and security.